Philippe de Champaigne (1602–1674) was a Flemish-born painter who became a leading figure of the French Baroque after settling in Paris. Influenced early by Rubens, his style later grew more austere. He served major Catholic patrons, including Cardinal Richelieu and the French court, producing altarpieces, decorative cycles, and restrained portraits. His celebrated commissions for the church of Val-de-Grâce secured his place as one of the foremost sacred artists of seventeenth-century France.