Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564) was a master painter, sculptor, and draftsman of the Italian High Renaissance. Active primarily in Florence and Rome, he transformed sacred painting through monumental fresco cycles such as the Sistine Chapel Ceiling and The Last Judgment in the Vatican. His powerful figures, dramatic anatomy, and profound theological vision reshaped Catholic sacred art and set a standard for artistic expression that endured for centuries.